“Must”と”Have to”の違いは?

‘Must‘ は自分(あるいは他の誰か)がある行動を取るべきだ、と強く感じている時に使います。
→ ‘Must‘ は内的要因ー話し手の気持ちが強く反映されます。

‘Have to‘ は自分(あるいは他の誰か)が他の選択肢なく何かをしなくてはならない時に使います。
→ ‘Have to‘ は外的要因ー周りで起こることに影響されます。

比べてみよう

I must do my homework! (宿題をしなくては、と自分で強く感じている。)

Sorry, I can’t go out with you tonight. I have to stay in and do my homework. (今晩家で宿題をすることは必須であり、それ以外の選択肢はない。)

上記以外に ‘must‘ は決まり事を強く伝える時にも使います。

例えば・・・

All passengers must wear seatbelts.

また否定文の ‘must not‘ と ‘don’t have to‘ にも大きな違いがあります・・・

You must do something = やれ!

You must not do something = やるな!

You have to do something = そのことをする以外の選択肢はない

You don’t have to do something = そのことをするかしないか選べる

比べてみよう。

You must not go out tonight. (話し手はあなたが家にいるべきだ、と強く感じている。)

You don’t have to go out tonight. (= 出かける必要は特にない。もし家に居たかったらそうしてもよい。あなたに選択肢がある、と言っている。)

よくある間違い:

You don’t have to do that. It’s dangerous.

Problems

Very different or opposite to intended meaning! E.g. 'I want to saw you every day.' ( = あなたを毎日、のこぎりで真っ二つにしたい。)
Problem with spelling or capitalisation, e.g. 'Munday, tuesday'
Problem with punctuation, e.g. 'I like, apples pears and bananas.'
Wrong word order, e.g. 'I you love.' > 'I love you.'
Missing word(s), e.g. 'This flower _ beautiful.'
Extra word(s), e.g. 'An elderly old man'
Right word but wrong form, e.g. 'I loving you.' > 'I love you.'
Wrong word(s) (different meaning), e.g. 'Humans have 10 fingers on their feet' ('fingers' > 'toes')
Word doesn't fit with other word(s), e.g. 'on June' > 'in June'
This word not in the dictionary! E.g. 'speaked'
Problem with time, e.g. 'I remembered it tomorrow.'
Problem with number, e.g. 'one friends'
Meaning not clear: teacher is guessing, e.g. 'Go because elephant.' (? 'Get out of the way because an elephant is coming.')
Teacher cannot guess meaning, e.g. 'Happily because now elephant.'

Improvement

There is a word or phrase that more exactly says what you wanted to say. E.g. 'My best friend has died. I'm not happy.' > 'My best friend has died. I'm devastated.' (Similar to .)
There is a word/phrase that fits better in this phrase/sentence. (Similar to .)
There is a clearer or much simpler way to say this. E.g. 'It is less difficult in my thinking than it was in the previous cases.' > 'It's easier for me now.'
There is a more natural way to say this. E.g. 'I have painfulness of the tooth.' > 'I have a toothache.'
There is a more natural way to say this in modern English. E.g. 'I do love thee.' > 'I love you.'
There is a more conversational way to say this. E.g. 'My physical condition has greatly improved.' > 'I'm much better now.'

“Must”と”Have to”の違いは?

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